International Transactions in Mathematical Sciences and Computer
8:10:45
 
 
More....

International Transactions in Mathematical Sciences and ComputerJan-June 2026 Vol:19 Issue:1

Three Warehouse Inventory Model with Stock and Price Dependent Demand Under Inflationary Environment

Abstract

In an increasingly dynamic economic environment, inventory systems must account for multiple interacting factors such as inflation, demand variability, and storage limitations. This study develops a three-warehouse inventory model consisting of one owned warehouse (OW) with limited capacity and two rented warehouses (RW₁and RW₂) to effectively manage excess inventory. The model incorporates stock-dependent and price-dependent demand, reflecting realistic market behavior where demand is influenced by both the availability of goods and their selling price. The model is formulated mathematically to determine optimal replenishment policies, pricing decisions, and inventory allocation across the warehouses. Solution procedures are developed using optimization techniques, and the results are illustrated through numerical examples. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the impact of key parameters such as inflation rate, price sensitivity, and storage capacities on the optimal solution. The findings demonstrate that incorporating both stock and price-dependent demand under inflationary conditions significantly improves decision-making efficiency.

Author

Priyanshi Choudhary, SR Singh, Dipti Singh   ( Pages 1-25 )
Email:singhdipti113@gmail.com
Affiliation: Dept. of Mathematics, CCS Univeristy Meerut       DOI:

Keyword

Stock and Price Dependent Demand ,backlogging , warehouse ,Non instantaneous deterioration ,Inflation ,Green Technology.

References

Abu Zwaida, T., Pham, C., & Beauregard, Y. (2021). Optimization of inventory management to prevent drug shortages in the hospital supply chain. Applied Sciences11(6), 2726.

Anthony, L., Rangarajan, K., Ammar, S. I., & Alamri, F. T. (2026). Optimization of a two-warehouse inventory model for perishable goods with freshness-sensitive demand, non-instantaneous deterioration, and hybrid payment schemes. International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 1-23.

Barman, H., Pervin, M., Roy, S. K., & Weber, G. W. (2021). Back-ordered inventory model with inflation in a cloudy-fuzzy environment. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization17(4), 1913-1941.

Chakraborty, D., Jana, D. K., & Roy, T. K. (2020). Multi-warehouse partial backlogging inventory system with inflation for non-instantaneous deteriorating multi-item under imprecise environment: D. Chakraborty et al. Soft Computing24(19), 14471-14490.

Chandramauli, A. B., & Santosh, S. P. (2025). Impact of inflation on sustainable inventory model with stock dependent demand with carbon emission.

De, P. K., Devi, S. P., & Narang, P. (2024). Inventory model for deteriorating goods with stock and price-dependent demand under inflation and partial backlogging to address post Covid-19 supply chain challenges. Results in Control and Optimization14, 100369.

De, P. K., Devi, S. P., & Narang, P. (2024). Inventory model for deteriorating goods with stock and price-dependent demand under inflation and partial backlogging to address post Covid-19 supply chain challenges. Results in Control and Optimization14, 100369.

De-la-Cruz-Márquez, C. G., Cárdenas-Barrón, L. E., Mandal, B., Smith, N. R., Bourguet-Díaz, R. E., Loera-Hernández, I. D. J., ... & Treviño-Garza, G. (2022). An inventory model in a three-echelon supply chain for growing items with imperfect quality, mortality, and shortages under carbon emissions when the demand is price sensitive. Mathematics10(24), 4684.

Garg, G., Singh, S., & Singh, V. (2020). A two warehouse inventory model for perishable items with ramp type demand and partial backlogging. International journal of engineering research & technology (IJERT)9(6), 1504-1521.

Hu, D., Jiao, J., Tang, Y., Han, X., & Sun, H. (2021). The effect of global value chain position on green technology innovation efficiency: From the perspective of environmental regulation. Ecological Indicators121, 107195.

 Jagadeesan, V., Rajamanickam, T., Schindlerova, V., Subbarayan, S., & Cep, R. (2023). A study on two-warehouse inventory systems with integrated multi-purpose production unit and partitioned rental warehouse. Mathematics11(18), 3986.

Kouvelis, P., Chen, X., & Xia, Y. (2023). Managing material shortages in project supply chains: Inventories, time buffers, and supplier flexibility. Production and Operations Management32(11), 3717-3735.

Kumar, S., & Mahapatra, R. P. (2021). Design of multi-warehouse inventory model for an optimal replenishment policy using a rain optimization algorithm. Knowledge-Based Systems231, 107406.

Kurade, S. S., & Latpate, R. (2021). Demand and deterioration of items per unit time inventory models with shortages using genetic algorithm. Journal of Management Analytics8(3), 502-529.

Mishra, S. K., & Mishra, V. K. (2025). Optimal substitution strategies for inventory management: a novel simplified EOQ based model with shortages. Opsearch62(2), 905-925.

Mishra, U., Indrajitsingha, S. K., & Jauhari, W. A. (2025). A green inventory model for a greenhouse firm system with controllable deterioration under stock-dependent demand. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability9(3), 915-937.

Nath, S., & Saha, S. (2026). An inventory model for stock-dependent fluctuating demand and without shortages: stochastic differential equation approach. Operational Research26(1), 2.

Nath, S., & Saha, S. (2026). An inventory model for stock-dependent fluctuating demand and without shortages: stochastic differential equation approach. Operational Research26(1), 2.

Pal, D., Manna, A. K., Ali, I., Roy, P., & Shaikh, A. A. (2024). A two-warehouse inventory model with credit policy and inflation effect. Decision Analytics Journal10, 100406.

Palanivel, M., & Venkadesh, M. (2025, April). Integrated strategies for sustainable production inventory model with carbon emission reduction with green technology. In Operations Research Forum (Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 51). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Patra, S. K., Paikray, S. K., & Dutta, H. (2024). An inventory model under power pattern demand having trade credit facility and preservation technology investment with completely backlogged shortages. J Ind Manag Optim20(8), 2652-2679.

Pervin, M. (2025). A sustainable deteriorating inventory model with backorder and controllable carbon emission by using green technology: M. Pervin. Environment, development and sustainability27(10), 25005-25041.

Pervin, M., Roy, S. K., & Weber, G. W. (2020). Deteriorating inventory with preservation technology under price-and stock-sensitive demand. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization16(4), 1585-1612.

Rahaman, M., Mondal, S. P., Alam, S., & De, S. K. (2022). A study of a lock fuzzy EPQ model with deterioration and stock and unit selling price-dependent demand using preservation technology. Soft Computing26(6), 2721-2740.

Ruidas, S., Seikh, M. R., & Nayak, P. K. (2022). A production inventory model for green products with emission reduction technology investment and green subsidy. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability6(4), 863-882.

Sarkar, A., Guchhait, R., & Sarkar, B. (2022). Application of the artificial neural network with multithreading within an inventory model under uncertainty and inflation. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems24(5), 2318-2332.

Sepehri, A., & Gholamian, M. R. (2023). A green inventory model with imperfect items considering inspection process and quality improvement under different shortages scenarios. Environment, Development and Sustainability25(4), 3269-3297.

Sethi, G., Yadav, A. S., & Singh, C. (2025). OPTIMIZING TWO-WAREHOUSE INVENTORY MODEL FOR DETERIORATING ITEMS WITH GENERALIZED EXPONENTIAL DEMAND, PARTIAL BACKLOGGING, AND INFLATION USING BACTERIAL FORAGING OPTIMIZATION. Reliability: Theory & Applications20(1 (82)), 800-813.

Shah, N. H., Rabari, K., & Patel, E. (2023). Greening efforts and deteriorating inventory policies for price-sensitive stock-dependent demand. International Journal of Systems Science: Operations & Logistics10(1), 2022808.

Sharma, S., Tyagi, A., Verma, B. B., & Kumar, S. (2022). An inventory control model for deteriorating items under demand dependent production with time and stock dependent demand. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management27(4), 321.

Singh, C., & Ambedkar, G. R. (2023). Optimizing EOQ model for expiring items with stock, selling cost and lifetime dependent demand under inflation. Opsearch60(1), 174-187.

Singh, V., Singh, S. R., & Chauhan, A. (2026). Optimizing Sustainable Inventory Model with Green Technology and Pre-Payment Discounts: A Hybrid Carbon Policy Approach under Inflation. Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, 1-20.

Vandana, & Das, A. K. (2022). Two-warehouse supply chain model under preservation technology and stochastic demand with shortages. Opsearch59(4), 1587-1612.

Zhang, C., Zhang, Z., & Tang, Z. (2026). Executive green perception, green technology innovation and enterprise biodiversity exposure: based on simultaneous equation model. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology23(4), 266.

Download paper

AACS Journals
Visitor:-

Copyright © 2020 AACS All rights reserved